Tuesday - May 15, 2001
The regular meeting of the Board of Embalmers and
Funeral Directors was held on the 31st Floor of the Riffe Center. President, Ronald G. Van Atta called the
meeting to order at 1:04 P.M. Other
Board members present were: Virginia S. Cheney, John J. Hadley, Pernel Jones,
Sr., and Kurtis A. Tunnell. Also
present were: Mollie Martin, Assistant Attorney General; Frank J. Savage,
Inspector; Charles H. Wisby, Inspector; and Ann Cunningham, Executive Director.
sssss
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Jones, the
minutes of the April 17-18, 2001, meeting were approved as amended. Ayes: 5. Nays: 0. Motion
approved.
sssss
Mr. Hadley, Mr. Primm, and Inspectors Savage and Wisby
monitored the examinations on April 24-25, 2001. Mrs. Cheney, Mr. DeJohn, Mr. Hadley, Mr. Primm, Inspectors Savage
and Wisby, and Ms. Cunningham greeted licensees and answered questions at the
Board's booth during the three-day Ohio Funeral Directors Convention, April
25-26-27, 2001. Ms. Cunningham
presented one of the twenty-minute continuing education programs.
sssss
Ms. Cunningham reported that the Board staff
participated in the Joint Regulatory Boards Legislative Reception. This was the third year for the day-time
reception held on the 31st Floor, and attendance by the legislators
has only slightly improved. Each Board
has a table for printed material; in addition, the Boards give a power-point
presentation of licensure, investigations, and discipline
sssss
There was a brief discussion of the Training for New
Board Members offered by the Governor's office on May 18, 2001. Mr. Hadley had attended a previous
presentation, and Ms. Cunningham offered her reservation for the event to Mr.
Jones. Mrs. Cheney and Ms. Cunningham
will attend a later presentation.
sssss
The Board staff will compile materials as a general
outline for presentations by Board members along with printed materials to
offer to organizations and groups.
sssss
The Executive Director reported that the liaison
meeting of the OAKS Project (Ohio Administrative Knowledge System), an
integrated system for accounting, budgeting, human resources, payroll, capital
improvement projects, procurement, and fiscal assets management functions was
cancelled and will be scheduled for a later date.
sssss
The Executive Director reported that the International
Conference of Funeral Service Examining Boards was surveying all state boards
as well as the District of Columbia and Ontario, Canada as to their internship
requirements. A committee will be
formed to draw up a model internship program to be presented at the next
meeting of the Funeral and Memorial Information Council.
sssss
The Executive Director mentioned the State of Ohio
Performance Review System (OPRS) in which she is making progress.
sssss
It was announced that License 2000 has come to an
abrupt halt. There are major
disagreements between the State of Ohio, Department of Administrative Services,
in charge of the project and the vendor, System Automation.
sssss
Unfinished Business
The Board members were given copies of Minnesota's
statue, in particular, the regulation of cemeteries and preneed. This was a topic of discussion during the
Conference convention in Clearwater, Florida.
sssss
New Business
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Jones, the
Board rescinded the following applications for funeral home license issued in
January, 2001. Ayes: 5. Nays: 0. Motion approved.
Tobias
Funeral Home, Inc., Dayton
Tobias
Funeral Home, Inc. Englewood
sssss
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Jones, the
Board approved the following applications for funeral home license. Ayes: 5. Nays: 0. Motion
approved.
Cambarare Funeral Home, Inc., Cleveland
Myron N. Howard Funeral Home, Youngstown
Tobias Funeral Home, Inc., Dayton
Tobias Funeral Home, Inc., Englewood
Weil Funeral Home, Inc., Cincinnati
sssss
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Jones, the
Board approved the following applications for funeral home license pending
receipt of the occupancy permit and final inspection by the Board. Ayes: 5. Nays: 0. Motion
approved.
Charles R. Blessing Funeral Home, Mentor
McGorray Bros. Funeral Home, Westlake
sssss
The Board reviewed the following list of funeral homes
that submitted an amendment to change the manager during the month of April
2001.
Brickman-Monreal Funeral Home Jane S. Monreal
Eastlake
Jerry Jones, Jr. Funeral Service Cecilia M. Rossi
Akron
Schnieder-Slack Funeral Home Drew W. Griffin
Chesapeake
Tate Funeral Home Major
Jones, Jr.
Toledo
sssss
The Board reviewed the following funeral homes that
submitted an amendment to change the funeral director actually in charge of and
ultimately responsible for the funeral home during the month of April 2001.
Scott Funeral Home Charles
D. Scott
Cambridge
Tate Funeral Home Major
Jones, Jr.
Toledo
sssss
The Board reviewed the following funeral homes that
closed because of cessation of business, a new owner, or new location during
the month of April 2001.
Cambarare Funeral Home, Inc. new location
Cleveland
Mryon N. Howard Funeral Service, Inc. new owner
Youngstown
sssss
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Jones, the
Board accepted the following individuals as having met the licensure
requirements, and pending receipt of the initial fee, will be issued an
embalmer and/or funeral director license number as indicated.
Name embalmer
funeral director
License
# license #
Brooke Gray 8911 A 8765
Karen Grothouse 8912 A 8766
Terresa Spann 8913 A 8767
Melissa Xander 8914 A 8768
sssss
The Board reviewed a list of individuals that were
issued registration numbers during the month of April 2001.
Name embalmer funeral director date
Theresa
Headley D-6911 C-8683 04/11/01
Mark Eamigh D-6912 C-8684 04/30/01
sssss
The Board reviewed a list of individuals that
certified apprenticeships during the month of April 2001.
Name apprentice funeral home
Gladys Donald FD Donald & Stewart, Inc,
Cincinnati
Theresa Headley Emb/FD Dunn-Quigley & Ciriello Funeral
Home
Akron
Heather Nihiser Emb/FD Jenkins Funeral Chapel, Inc.
Westlake
Steven Spears Emb/FD Jerry Spears Co.
Columbus
sssss
The Board was informed the Board office received and
processed the following reports during the month of April 2001.
Embalming case
reports 239
Embalming master
reports 38
Embalmer interviews 9
Funeral Director
progress reports 320
Funeral Director
master reports 51
Funeral Director
interviews 18
sssss
The Board reviewed various news articles relative to
the profession of funeral service.
sssss
Correspondence
1. A
letter from Marie D. Borowski requesting permission to continue the operation
of the Bernard P. Borowski Memorial Home.
On motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Tunnell, the Board approved the
request to continue the operation of the funeral home for an additional twelve
months until June 6, 2002. Before June
2002, the owner of the funeral home must file a new application for funeral
home license. Ayes: 5. Nays: 0. Motion approved.
2. A
letter from James D. McFarland concerning firm title change. The Board accepted the firm title change
from "McCardell-White Funeral Home" to
"McCardell-White-McFarland Funeral Service." Secretary to inform Mr. McFarland that all
advertisement and signage must reflect the new title.
3. A
letter from Mrs. Louane Villhauer requesting a partial refund of her late
husband's renewal fee. Secretary to
inform Mrs. Villhauer that the Ohio law does not have a provision for refunds.
4. A
letter Alex P. Roberts of the Roberts Funeral Homes in Wooster and Wadsworth
about combining multiple locations into one corporation. Secretary to inform Mr. Roberts that if
creating one corporation changes the federal tax identification number, then he
would be required to submit new applications for funeral home license for each
location.
5. A
letter from Poul Lemasters of the Radel Funeral Service Company concerning the
five-year requirement for a master of apprentices. On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Tunnell, the Board
concluded that Mr. Lemasters would qualify as a master because he has been
licensed for five years in West Virginia and Ohio combined.
sssss
Person Before the Board
Kimberley Ball, a reciprocal applicant from the state
of Pennsylvania, was interviewed by the Board members. On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mrs.
Cheney, the Board approved Ms. Ball's application for reciprocal
licensure. Ms. Ball is required to pass
the embalmer Ohio laws examination and the funeral director Ohio laws
examination. Ayes: 5.
Nays: 0. Motion approved.
sssss
Inspectors' Reports
Inspector Savage reported that he drove 1,383 miles in
the counties Cuyahoga, Lake, Lorain, Marion, Medina, Richland, Stark, Summit,
Trumbull, and Wyandot. He made 41 inspections,
8 investigations, found no violations, and monitored no apprentice. Inspector Savage monitored examinations on
April 24-25, 2001, and attended the OFDA convention April 25-26-27, 2001.
Inspector Wisby reported that he drove 1,730 miles in
the counties of Adams, Brown, Franklin, Hamilton, Highland, Lucas, Union, and
Williams. He made 18 inspections, 6
investigations, found one violations, and monitored no apprentices. Inspector
Wisby monitored examinations on April 24-25, 2001, and attended the OFDA
convention April 25-26-27, 2001, and presented a program at the Cincinnati
College of Mortuary Science
sssss
Executive Session
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Tunnell,
the Board went into executive session pursuant to Section 121.22(G)(1) of the
Revised Code, to consider complaints and possible disciplinary action against
licensees, and Section 121.22(G)(3) of the Revised Code to conference with the
Board's counsel to consider pending litigation. Roll call vote: Cheney, Aye; Hadley, Aye; Jones, Aye;
Tunnell, Aye, Van Atta, Aye.
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Jones, the
Board came out of executive session.
Roll call vote: Cheney, Aye; Hadley, Aye; Jones, Aye;
Tunnell, Aye; Van Atta, Aye.
sssss
On a motion by Mr. Tunnell, seconded by Mr. Jones, the
Board voted to close two (2) investigatory files. Roll call vote: Cheney, Aye; Hadley, Aye; Jones, Aye;
Tunnell, Aye; Van Atta, Aye.
sssss
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by: Mr. Jones, the
Board approved the settlement agreement negotiated by Mollie Martin, Assistant
Attorney General, with James E. Roberts attorney for Armond V. Rossi and the
Rossi Brothers Funeral Home, Inc., in the matter of the funeral home's
violation of Section 4717.14 (A)(4) and (A)(5) of the Revised Code, for
knowingly permitting an unlicensed person other than a person serving an
apprenticeship to engage in the profession or business of funeral directing. Roll call vote: Cheney, Aye; Hadley, Aye;
Jones, Aye; Tunnell, Aye; Van Atta, Aye.
sssss
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Tunnell,
the Board voted to charge Wendell C. Brogdon and the Brogdon and Son Funeral
Home with violation of Section 4717.13(B)(3) of the Revised Code, for failure
to place in the vessel containing the cremated remains a tag bearing the name,
date of birth, date of death and social security number of the deceased; and
Section 471714(A)(4) of the Revised Code for unprofessional conduct related to
the cremations and final dispositions of Homer House and Otis Givens. Specifically, Mr. Brogdon and the Brogdon
and Sons Funeral Home represented to the Homer House family that the cremated
remains provided to them were of Homer House when they were in fact the
cremated remains of Otis Given.
Moreover, Mr. Brogdon represented to the family of Otis Givens that his
cremated remains were interred on October 2, 2000, when in fact on April 5,
2001, the urn was disinterred and found to be empty. Roll call vote: Cheney, Aye; Hadley, Aye; Jones, Aye;
Tunnell, Aye; Van Atta, Aye.
sssss
Fiscal
The Board reviewed the April Monthly Transaction
Register, the voucher journal for April, and the revenue journal for
April. The Board members received a
copy of the Management Letter from Jim Petro, Auditor of State, reporting that
the procedures performed by the auditors at the Board office did not result in
the identification of any material noncompliance or reportable conditions in
internal control that required inclusion in the statewide report. In addition, the Board members were given a
copy of a memorandum from Governor Bob Taft calling for additional restrictions
on agency spending in FY 2001.
sssss
Mr. Tunnell left the Board meeting at this point in
the meeting.
sssss
The Board reviewed the grades of the embalmer Ohio
Laws examinations and the Funeral Service Arts and Science examinations written
April 24-25, 2001. On a motion by Mr.
Hadley, seconded by Mr. Jones, the applicants with a score of 75% or higher on
the examinations will be issued an embalmer license number, pending receipt of
a properly completed application and the initial license fee. Motion approved. A list of applicants, their scores, and license numbers will be
entered into the journal. Roll call
vote: Cheney, Aye; Hadley, Aye; Jones, Aye; Van Atta, Aye.
The Board reviewed the grades of the funeral director
Ohio laws, Sanitation, and Funeral Service Arts examinations written on April
24-25, 2001. On a motion by Mrs.
Cheney, seconded by Mr. Hadley, the applicants with a score of 75% or higher on
these examinations be granted a funeral director license number, pending
receipt of a properly completed application and the initial license fee. Motion approved. A list of licensees, their scores, and license numbers will be
entered into the journal Roll call vote: Cheney, Aye; Hadley, Aye;
Jones, Aye; Van Atta, Aye.
sssss
The Board recessed at 2:31 P.M.
sssss
Wednesday - May 16, 2001
The Board reconvened at 8:03 A.M. in the Board's
offices on the 16th Floor of the Riffe Center. Present were: Virginia S. Cheney, John J.
Hadley, Pernel Jones, Sr., Kurtis A. Tunnell, Ronald G. Van Atta, Mollie
Martin, A.A.G., Frank J. Savage, Charles H. Wisby, and Ann Cunningham.
sssss
Executive Session
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Jones, the
Board went into executive session pursuant to Section 121.22(G)(1) of the
Revised Code, to consider complaints and possible disciplinary action against
licensees, and Section 121.22(G)(3) of the Revised Code to conference with the
Board's counsel to consider pending litigation. Roll call vote: Cheney, Aye; Hadley, Aye; Jones, Aye;
Tunnell, Aye; Van Atta, Aye.
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Jones, the
Board came out of executive session.
Roll call vote: Cheney, Aye; Hadley, Aye; Jones, Aye;
Tunnell, Aye; Van Atta, Aye.
There was no action to report.
sssss
Persons Before the Board
Kevin Schneider and Laura Nobbe appeared before the
Board to apply for a license for a funeral home. On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Jones, the Board voted
to approve the application for funeral home license for Schneider Funeral Home
in Cincinnati. Ayes: 5. Nays:
0. Motion approved. The Board denied the use of the former firm
title, Hawthorne-Bowles Funeral Home, because of failure to renew.
sssss
Continuing Education
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr.
Tunnell, the Board approved, and where
indicated denied, the following continuing education programs. Ayes: 5. Nays: 0. Motion
approved.
PRIOR APPROVAL GROUP:
|
DATE |
SPONSOR |
TITLE |
Hours/denied |
|
001024 |
BATES |
"Making Effective Cremation Arrangements" - Cincinnati - Approved as blanket order 9-22-99 |
04 |
|
001130 |
YORK |
"Consumer Attitudes Toward Presentation Of Funeral Merchandise" - York, PA - Approved as blanket order 7-19-00 |
02 |
|
001207 |
BATES |
"Making Effective Cremation Arrangements" - Cincinnati - Approved as blanket order 9-22-99 |
04 |
|
010406 |
LIFE |
April 6-7-8, 2001 - "Group Discussion & Lecture" - "The Loss Line Process" - "The Death Lab" - "Funeral Arrangement Communication Skills" - Cleveland - Approved as blanket order 8-19-00 |
17 |
|
010409 |
BATES |
"Meaningful Memories" - Honoring Family Choices" - Jacksonville - Approved as blanket order 9-22-00 |
04 |
|
010410 |
BATES |
"Meaningful Memories" - "Honoring Family Choices" - Batesville, IN - Approved as blanket order 9-22-00 |
04 |
|
010411 |
BATES |
"Meaningful Memories" - "Honoring Family Choices" - Batesville, IN - Approved as blanket order 9-22-00 |
04 |
|
010416 |
Baxter |
"Concrete Burial Vaults 101" - Cincinnati - Approved as blanket order 8-16-00 |
02 |
|
010419 |
OFDA |
"Maximizing The Benefits Of Workers' Compensation" - Cincinnati - Approved as blanket order 2-21-01 |
01 |
|
010419 |
OFDA |
"Promoting Professionalism Through OFDA Membership" - Cincinnati - Approved as blanket order 8-16-00 |
01 |
|
010419 |
OFDA |
"Current Issues Effecting Funeral Service At Bother The State" - Cincinnati - Approved as blanket order 3-21-01 |
01 |
|
010419 |
Clark |
"Manufacturing Plant Tour" - "Protecting Memories Education Program" - Columbus - Approved as blanket order 4-18-01 |
03 |
|
010419 |
Clark |
"Manufacturing Plant Tour" - "Protecting Memories Education Program" - Columbus - Approved as blanket order 4-18-01 |
03 |
|
010423 |
BATES |
April 23-24, 2001 - "Product Knowledge" - "Honoring Family Choices" - "Options" - "Preneed Products & Services" - "Casket Variety Room" - "Meaningful Memories" - Batesville, IN - Approved as blanket order 9-20-00 |
10 |
|
010426 |
CoCoFDA |
"Youngstown Vind. - New Obit System" - Lisbon |
02 |
|
010430 |
BATES |
"Product Knowledge" - "Meaningful Memories" - Batesville IN - Approved as blanket order 9-20-00 |
06 |
|
010501 |
Baxter |
"Concrete Burial Vaults 101" - Cincinnati - Approved as blanket order 8-16-00 |
02 |
|
010503 |
ACC |
"Marketing Today & Tomorrow - Childrens Resources" - "Aurora Plant Tour" - Sidney - Approved as blanket order 3-21-01 |
03 |
|
010503 |
BATES |
"May 3-4, 2001 - "Product Knowledge" - "Honoring Family Choices" - "Meaningful Memories" - "Options" - "Preneed Products & Services" - "Casket Variety Room" - Batesville, IN - Approved as blanket order 9-20-00 |
10 |
|
010504 |
PFDI |
May 4-7, 2001 - "Spring 2001 PFDA Convention" - Key West, FL |
09 |
|
010504 |
LIFE |
MAY 4-5-6, 2001 - "Group Discussion & Lecture" - "The Loss Line Process" - "The Death Lab" - "Funeral Arrangement Communication Skills" - Cleveland - Approved as blanket order 8-15-00 |
17 |
|
010507 |
Baxter |
"Concrete Burial Vaults 101" - Cincinnati - Approved as blanket order 8-16-00 |
02 |
|
010509 |
BATES |
"May 9-10, 2001 - "Value Of Funeral Services" - "Customer Service" - "Interpersonal Skills" - "Nuts & Bolts" - "Casket Variety Room" - "Assembly Plant Tour" - "Meaningful Memories" - "Video Tape & Critique" - Batesville - Approved as blanket order 9-20-00 |
10 |
|
010509 |
ColCoFDA |
"Corporation Funeral Providers" - Lisbon |
02 |
|
010509 |
Fayette |
"Fayette Memorial Hospital - Dept Inservice" - Washington CH |
02 |
|
010517 |
LIFE |
May 17-18, 2001 - "Loss Management Seminar" - Geneva |
06 |
|
010517 |
Fire |
"Memorialization of Today's Funeral" - Norwalk |
02 |
|
010524 |
Dist-#2 |
"Business & Contagious Disease & Pathogens" - "Business & Life Banc 0 Organ Donation" - Ontario |
03 |
|
010524 |
MichiganEmb |
"Compliance & Safety Issues Pertinent To The Embalmer" - Mt Pleasant MI |
06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
010604 |
FDAK |
June 4-5-6, 2001 - "Funeral Service Forum" - "Changing Trends In Funeral Service Today" - "The Assassination & Funeral Of President Abraham Lincoln" - "Keys To Managing Conflict" - Louisville KY |
09 |
|
010606 |
SumFD |
"The Impact Of Personalization" - Akron |
03 |
|
010607 |
MTCCFD |
"Hospice Work In Our Community" - Salem |
02 |
|
010612 |
Central |
"From the Pulpit to The Grave" - Cincinnati |
03 |
|
010612 |
GcinFD |
"Introducing & Promoting Preneed In At Need Environments" - "How To organize A Successful Public Relations Program" - Cincinnati |
02 |
|
010613 |
GMont |
"Inter-Generational Conflict In Funeral Service" - Kettering |
02 |
|
010614 |
NFDA |
"FTC Funeral Rule Compliance Teleconference" - |
02 |
|
010620 |
Pitts |
"Sanitation, Communicable Diseases & The Embalmer" - Erie, PA |
03 |
|
010626 |
Central |
"Stress Reduction For Funeral Directors" - Cincinnati |
03 |
|
010717 |
Central |
"Becoming A More Effective Funeral Service Aftercare Provider" - Cincinnati |
03 |
|
010816 |
NFDA |
"OSHA Compliance: Inspection Prep Teleconference" |
02 |
|
011018 |
MTCarmel |
October 18-19, 2001 - "Community Seminar" - "Professional Workshop" - Columbus |
06 |
|
011101 |
NFDA |
"Late Breaking Compliance News" |
02 |
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Tunnell,
the Board approved, and where indicated denied, the following continuing
education programs. Ayes: 5. Nays: 0. Motion approved.
Blanket:
|
Sponsor |
Title |
Hours/denied |
|
CCMS |
"History
& Future Of Mortuary Education" |
02 |
|
NFDA |
"Access
To Employee Exposure & Medical Records Standard" - "Hazard
Communication Standard" - Home Study |
04 |
|
NFDA |
"OSHA
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard" - Home Study |
04 |
|
NFDA |
"OSHA
Formaldehyde Standard" - Home Study |
04 |
|
Central |
"Preparation
Room Management" - Ask Chuck Wisby |
denied |
|
Central |
"Growing
To Become A More Effective Aftercare Provider" (Ask Chuck Wisby) |
denied |
On a motion by Mr. Tunnell, seconded by Mr. Jones, the
Board approved, and where indicated denied, the following continuing education
programs. Ayes: 5. Nays: 0. Motion approved.
Individual:
|
DATE |
LICENSEE NAME |
TITLE |
Hours/denied |
|
000701 |
Jane A Nichols 41-00-5801 |
March 28 - April 1, 2001 - "Annual Conference Assn For Death Education & Counseling" - Toronto, Canada |
10 |
|
000701 |
Joseph D Lane 42-00-7284 |
May 10, 2001 - "How To Protect Assets During Life & Avoid Estate Tax At Death In Ohio" - Cuyahoga Falls |
06 |
|
000701 |
Joseph D Lane 42-00-7284 |
June 14, 2001 - "Wealth Transfer" - Columbus |
07 |
|
000701 |
Delmos L Newsome 42-00-7057 |
March 7. 2001 -"Hazardous Materials/Chemicals" - "Bloodborne Pathogens/HIV Aids" - FL |
08 |
|
000701 |
Janice L Brown 41-00-8128 |
April 10, 2001 - "OSHA Ergonomics Rule, Health Plans, Estate Taxes, Funeral Trusts, Wage & Hour Issues" - Tulsa OK |
01 |
|
000701 |
Gary E Rook 42-00-6710 |
"FTC Training" - Port Charlotte, FL |
02 |
|
000701 |
Jonathan R Zwick 42-00-8472 |
"changing Rends In Funeral Service" - Indianapolis, IN |
03 |
|
000701 |
Deborah L Koffel 42-00-8331 |
Kent State University - East Liverpool Campus - "21 Irrefutable Laws Of Leadership" - East Liverpool |
Needs transcript |
|
000701 |
Richard Perko 42-00-6455 |
"Clinical Pastoral Education" - Jacksonville, FL |
18 |
sssss
On a motion by Mr. Hadley, seconded by Mr. Tunnell,
the Board approved the following exemptions and waivers. Ayes: 5. Nays: 0. Motion
approved.
APPLICATION FOR WAIVERS OR EXEMPTION 1998-2000
|
Waiver |
Exemption |
Licensee Name |
Granted/Denied |
|
|
|
|
|
APPLICATION
FOR WAIVERS OR EXEMPTION 2000-2002
|
X |
|
Samuel D Jenkins |
Granted |
|
X |
|
Franklin P Leasure |
Granted |
|
|
X |
Julie C Routsong |
Granted |
sssss
On a motion by Mrs. Cheney, seconded by Mr. Jones, the
Board meeting adjourned at 10:21 A.M.
Ayes: 5. Nays: 0. Motion approved.